English-only subset of about 9,790 medical Keywords & Phrases excerpted from the Multilingual Biomedical-Technical Dictionary/Thesaurus by André Fairchild, translator & terminologist the list below is a subset of about 26% selected at random from (an older version of) the large set (now over 33,399 terms!) from the big Multilingual Biomedical-Technical Dictionary/Thesaurus).


There is also a Larger, Newer (February 2006) four-language sample (subset) online at http://www.geocities.com/med_dictionary/muestra4iepf.xls, taken from the February 2006 version (in English, Spanish, Portuguese & French). This is a older subset in Excel format with only 2,475 complete entries in four languages.

All text formatting and column formatting have been removed from the English-only list below.

See http://www.interfold.com/translator/medsites.htm

1,2-diaminohexane; 1,6-diaminohexane

AB serum

abacterial; nonbacterial

abacterial desquamative pneumonia

abandoned child

fear of abandonment

abandoning the family

abarticular gout; podagra

abasitasia

abatement; alleviation; solace; relief

abberant mammary glands; supernumerary mammary glands

abbreviations; acronyms

absolute bioavailability

swollen abdomen; swollen belly

abdominal cancer; abdominal neoplasm

abdominal discomfort

abdominal incision; surgical opening of the abdominal cavity

abdominal injuries

abdominal retractor

abdominal syndrome

abdominal tension; abdominal rigidity; rigidity of the abdominal wall

abdominocentesis; abdominal paracentesis: paracentesis of the belly to remove fluid

abductive reasoning

aberrant metaphase

aberration; abnormality, anomaly; deviation

ability to work; work capacity

abiotic control; suppression using abiotic means

abiotrophy; hypotrophy: premature loss of a cell's ability to function

ablation; extirpation; the removal of an organ by surgery

ablation of the vitreous body; vitrectomy; removing the vitreous fluid from the eye & replacing it with saline solution

ablepharia: congenital absence of eyelids

abnormalities of the eye; ocular abnormalities

abnormal cells

abnormal hemoglobin

abnormal need to sleep; excessive somnolence; hypersomnia

abortion procedure; performing an abortion; inducing an abortion

above-knee amputee

abrachiocephalia

abscission; amputation; cutting something off; excision; ablation

absolute scotoma

absorbable implants

non-absorbable suture

absidia: a genus of zygomycetous fungi that may cause mycosis

cranial accessory nerve; eleventh cranial nerve: motor nerve that supplies the trapezius and sternomastoid muscles & the pharynx

academic freedom

acaricide: any chemical substance intended for killing mites, ticks and spiders

accessory pigment

accessory placenta; supernumerary placenta

accidental death

accomodative exophoria

accountability; responsibility

accretion

accurate; precise

ethyl acetate: a flammable solvent used in plastics, pharmaceuticals & perfumes

acentric chromosome

acentric chromosome fragment

acetone; a highly flammable liquid widely used as an organic solvent; the simplest ketone

acetoxyacetylaminofluorene

acetylation: the formation of an acetyl derivative

acetylserotonin N-methyltransferase; hydroxyindole O-methyltransferas

achromobacter

acid rain: rain containing acids that form when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere combine with water

acidotic dyspnea

acinus of liver; liver acinus; hepaton

acneiform eruptions

acromioplasty

acronine: an alkaloid antineoplastic agent

acrylate; a salt or ester of propenoic acid

actinide; actinoid: a radioactive element with atomic number 89 through 103

active moiety (of the molecule)

Adair-Dighton syndrome; Adair-Dighton disease

adhesiveness; stickiness

adenoacanthoma; adenoid squamous cell carcinoma

adenylation

adulterant: an adulterating substance

to adulterate

adulteration: being mixed with extraneous material; debasement;

advantages; benefits; features

adventitious agent

adverse event, setback

advisable; justifiable

aerasthenia, pilots' disease

aerophagy; swallowing air

afferent pathways

contagious agalactia (of cows)

agnosia: loss of the ability to recognize familiar objects or stimuli, often as a result of brain damage

aerogenous; transmitted by air; airborn;

affectivity; feeling tone

affordability of drugs

agraphia: the pathological loss of the ability to write

AIDS defining disease; aids-defining illness

airways resistance; airway resistance: the opposition to flow of air caused by the forces of friction

alcoholic cardiomyopathy; beer drinker's heart

alcoholic senile dementia

aldrin: a highly poisonous substance once used as an insecticide

aleukemic leukemia; aleukemia

alimentary; digestion-related

alkylophosphonic acids; alkylphosphonic acids

allantoenteric diverticulum; allantois

allelic exclusion: a process whereby only one immunoglobulin light chain & one heavy chain gene are transcribed in any one cell

allergic alveolitis; interstitial pneumonitis

amines: a group of compounds derived from ammonia

anti-anaphylaxis

anatomopathological

antibody binding sites; paratopes

anorexia: the uncontrolled lack or loss of the appetite for food

antimutagens: synthetic or natural compounds capable of lowering the frequency and rate of mutations

atlanto-occipital luxation

attention span

auditory agnosia: the inability to recognize sounds or words, due to a lesion of the auditory cortex of the temporal lobe

basal skull fracture

bed occupancy rate; bed utilization

behavioral medicine

biological response modifiers; BRMs; biomodulators; compounds which modify or enhance an immune response

biological turnover; regeneration

bone marrow failure; bone marrow depression

bone substitutes; bone replacement materials

brachiocephalic veins: big veins on either side of the neck, forming the junction of the internal jugular & subclavian veins

brain dysfunction; brain disorder

branching; ramification

carcinomatosis

carcinostatic; anti-cancer

cardia deficiency

cardiac action; cardiac cycle

cardiac aneurysm

cardiac apex; apex of the heart; the pointed part of the heart's left lower chamber

cardiac arrest; heart arrest

induced cardiac arrest; stopping the heart during surgery

cardiac pacing; cardiac artificial pacing: regulating the rate of contraction of the heart muscles with an artificial pacemaker; cardiac-phase control

cardiac catheterization

cardiac cirrhosis

cardiac compression

external cardiac compression, heart massage; closed chest cardiac massage

cardiac death

sudden cardiac death (SCD)

congenital cardiac deformity

cardiac dullness

cardiac evaluation

cardiac glycosides; cardiotonic steroids

double cardiac insufficiency

cardiac insufficiency

compensated cardiac insufficiency; compensated heart failure

closed chest cardiac massage; external cardiac massage

advanced cardiac life support: using specialized equipment to maintain the airway, early defibrillation & pharmacological therapy

cardiac output, cardiac pressure output; minute ouput

cardiac region; cardiac zone

cardiac resuscitation

cardiac shadow

cardiac stimulant

cardiac tamponade; cardiac tamponage

cardiac valvular regurgitation; cardiac valvular incompetence; cardiac valvular insufficiency

cardiac valvuloplasty; surgery on a heart valve

cardial glands

cardial insufficience; insufficience of the cardial sphincter

cardial sphincter

icteric cardialgia

cardiectomy; resection of the cardia

cardiogenic plate; cardiogenic crescent: mesoderm giving rise to heart tubes (in embryology)

CGS; cardiogenic shock; cardiac shock: shock resulting from a shutdown of cardiac output in heart disease

cardiogenic; originating in the heart

resistance cardiography: type of impedance plethysmography

cardiolipin; diphosphatidylglycerol

cardiological; heart study-related

cardiologist: a physician specializing in the diagnosis & treatment of heart disease

cardiology

glucogenic cardiomegaly

cardiomegaly; enlargement of the heart; cardiomegalia

non-obstructive cardiomyopathy;

myocardiopathy; cardiomyopathy; chronic heart disease

dilated cardiomyopathy; idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy; congestive cardiomyopathy

congestive cardiomyopathy; idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy; dilated cardiomyopathy: a syndrome characterized by cardiac enlargement and congestive heart failure

restrictive cardiomyopathy; obstructive myocardiopathy

cardiomyoplasty

congenital cardiopathy

cardiopathy of herpes zoster

cardiopathy; heart disease

cardioplegia; induced cardiac arrest: stopping contractions of the myocardium by injecting a cardioplegic chemical compound

cardioplegic

cardioplegic solutions

CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation

cardiopulmonary; heart and lung-related

cardiorespiratory; heart and lung-related

cardiorrhexis, rupture of the heart

cardiosclerosis

cardioselective; affecting the heart mostly

phrenospasm; cardiospasm; esophageal achalasia; hiatal esophagism

cardiospecific

cardiotherapy

cardiotomy: incision of a heart wall

cardiotonic agents

cardiotonic; heart tonic

cardiotoxic; poisonous to the heart

cardiotoxicity: damage to the heart associated with certain anti-cancer drugs such as Adriamycin

cardiovascular abnormalities

cardiovascular agents

heart circulatory collapse; cardiovascular collapse; cardiovascular failure

cardiovascular complications of pregnancy

cardiovascular deconditioning: a change in cardiovascular function with reduced blood volume and reflex diuresis

cardiovascular disease

cardiovascular failure

cardiovascular hypertension

cardiovascular imaging

cardiovascular reflex

cardiovascular reserve mechanism

cardiovascular surgery

cardiovascular system

cardiovascular; heart and blood vessel-related

cardioversion: stopping a too-fast heart rate by delivering an electrical impulse at the same time as the heartbeat

long-term care

secondary care

primary care; primary health care

care givers; caregivers: persons who provide care in the home, in a hospital, or in an institution

family caregivers; family care workers

acute caries

black caries

secondary caries

caries prophylaxis

dental caries; tooth decay, cavity in a tooth

carina puncture (biopsy)

carina tracheae

cariogenic: producing caries

cariostatic: inhibiting the progress of dental caries

cariology; the study and understanding of tooth decay

carminatives; antiflatulents

butyro-ß-hydroxybetaine; carnitine: a striated muscle & liver constituent used to stimulate gastric & pancreatic secretions; Vitamin Bt; a compound that transports fatty acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane in beta oxidation

chromolipoid; carotenoid

carotid

carotid angiography

thrombosis of the carotid artery

common carotid artery:

carotid artery: one of the two principal arteries of the neck & head

carotid body: a small cluster of chemoreceptive cells near the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery, which senses the pH, carbon dioxide & oxygen concentrations in the blood

carotid cavernous fistula

carotid occlusion; occlusion of the carotid artery

carotid pulse

carotid sinus death

carotid sinus nerve

carotid sinus pressure test

carotid sinus reflex

carotid sinus stimulation test

carotid sinus: the dilated portion of the carotid artery at its bifurcation into external and internal carotids

carotid siphon; carotid loop

carotid stenosis; stricture of the carotid artery

carotid syncope

carpal bones, wrist bones

wrist joint; carpal joint

carpal tunnel of the wrist

CTS; carpal tunnel syndrome: a disturbance of median nerve function in the wrist as the nerve passes through the carpal tunnel

carpus curvus; Madelung's deformity

carpus: the wrist joint

carrier (in the pharmaceutical industry), base

chronic carrier of the virus

asymptomatic carrier, symptom-free carrier, symptomless carrier

Rhamnus purshiana; cascara sagrada; chittam bark used as a laxative

family case history

case management; patient management

nurse case manager

case studies

case study method

casein

plaster cast (impression); moulage; casting; moulding cast

plaster cast (on a limb)

surgical cast; fiberglass cast

casting tape

giant benign lymphoma; Castleman's disease; giant lymph node hyperplasia; GLNH; hamartoma of the lymphatics; angiofollicular lymphoid hyperplasia

castor oil; palma-christi oil

to castrate; to geld, to neuter

chemical castration

fear of castration

castration cells

castration; neutering

hypophyseal castration; pituitary castration

casual labor; casual employment

facility; fluency; casual manner; lack of constraint; unconstraint; naturalness; nonchalance

casuistics: recording & study of cases of disease

cat scratch disease, cat scratch fever; benign lymphoreticulosis

intermediate catabolic product; metabolite; product of intermediary metabolism

protein catabolic rate: PCR

catabolic repression; catabolite repression

catabolism; chemical breakdown

CAP factor; catabolite activator protein; cyclic AMP receptor protein

cerebellar catalepsy

catalepsy: sustained physical immobility

polymerase catalytic center

catalytic region; catalytic domain; catalytic core

catalytic elements: iron & manganese, which promote oxidation or other essential reactions (in plants)

cataract surgery; cataract extraction: surgical removal of a cataractous lens; enzymatic zonulolysis

blue-dot cataract, punctiform cataract

soft cataract: an advanced cataract in which the nucleus is not well developed

bloody cataract; cruent cataract

catatonia: a phase of schizophrenia whereby the patient is unresponsive; a psychomotor disorder characterized by periods of muscular rigidity, excitement or stupor

radiofrequency ablation; catheter ablation; transvenous electric ablation, electric catheter ablation, percutaneous catheter ablation, radiofrequency catheter ablation: removal of tissue with electrical current delivered by electrodes at the end of a catheter

over the needle catheter; catheter-over-needle

intraarterial catheter; intravascular catheter

cardiac catheterization

peripheral catheterization

catheterization of the duodenal papilla

balloon catheterization; balloon dilatation; balloon valvuloplasty

catheterization; inserting a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids

cathexis

beta rays; cathode rays; beta particles: a stream of electrons emitted by a CRT or from natural sources

cathode: an negatively-charged electrode of incandescent tungsten which emits electrons in a vacuum tube

cation: a positively-charged ion

catmint; catnip; cataria

caucasian; white

filum terminale; cauda equina: the lower part of the spinal cord, consisting of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerve roots

caudal; near/towards the tail

caumesthesia: a subjective heat sensation of uncomfortably high temperature

causal; cause-related; causative

enabling factors; causality; causation

underlying cause of death

caustic soda; sodium hydroxide

caustic; corrosive

cauterization

to cauterize

cauter; cautery

microcautery

cavernous

cavernous breathing; cavernous respiration

cavernous cancer

cavernous hemangioma of the central nervous system; Fogarty-Alajouanine syndrome; spinal angiodysgenesisc

cavitation: the formation of cavities in an organ or tissue especially in disease

CDPdiacylglycerol-serine o-phosphatidyltransferase: an enzyme that catalyses the formation of phosphatidylserine and cmp

cecocolostomy

cecostomy

cecropin: an inducible antibacterial protein

cefaclor: a broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of cephalexin

cefamandol: a semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action

ceftriaxone: a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with a long half-life

sprue; celiac disease; celiac syndrome; nontropical sprue; tropical sprue, non-gluten enteropathy; gluten-induced enteropathy; Herter disease; idiopathic steatorrhea; coelia disease

celiac trunk; celiac artery

celiac; coeliac

celibacy: abstaining from sex

cell (unit of living organism)

neuronal cell adhesion molecules; axon-associated adhesion molecules

anhydro-glucose; cellobiose: a disaccharide

delayed hypersensitivity; cellular immunity; cell-mediated immunity; delayed sensitivity

cellulite (fat cells)

subcutaneous cellulitis

cellulitis; an inflammation of connective tissue

census

recombination unit; centimorgan: a unit of distance measured between two genes

central cord syndrome: a syndrome associated with traumatic injury to the cervical or upper thoracic spinal cord characterized by weakness in the arms and sensory loss

central nervous system

functional central nervous system compensation

central nervous system depressants

central nervous system angiitis; central nervous system vasculitis; CNS vasculitis

dentate nucleus; cerebellar nuclei; nucleus dentatus; nucleus emboliformis; nucleus fastigii & nucleus globosus

centrocyte: a lymphocyte with a small cleaved nuclei; a cleaved cell

cerebellar syndrome

cerebellar; related to the cerebellum

cerebellum

cerebral arteries

middle cerebral artery infarction; middle cerebral artery stroke; embolic infarction of the middle cerebral artery

atrophy of the cerebral cortex

cerebral cortex

damage to the cerebral cortex; cortical damage

cerebral decortication

localized cerebral disease

cerebral dominance

high-altitude cerebral edema

cerebral edema; brain edema

cerebral hemorrhage

cerebral herniation; cerebral hernia

electro-cerebral inactivity

cerebral infarction; stroke

cerebral infectious embolism

organic cerebral involution

brain hypoxia-ischemia; cerebral ischemia-anoxia; hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; cerebral anoxia-ischemia; brain anoxia-ischemia anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; brain anoxia-ischemia; brain hypoxia-ischemia; brain ischemia-hypoxia; cerebral anoxia-ischemia; cerebral hypoxia-ischemia; cerebral ischemia-anoxia;

cancer of the cervix, cervical cancer; endocervical carcinoma

incompetent cervix, insufficiency of the cervix

cesarian section

cesium chloride

chafed; abraded

Chagas myocarditis; Chagas cardiomyopathy; cardiovascular trypanosomiasis

tarsal cyst; chalazion: a non-neoplastic cyst of the eyelid

chalcosis of lens (ophthalmology)

challenge test; challenge testing; provocation test

Hunter chancre

recurrent chancre

hard chancre, primary lesion, primary eruption (from syphilis)

molecular chaperone; chaperone protein: a protein that aids in the folding of a second protein

chaperonin

chapped lips

(noun) characteristic

(adjective) characteristic; typical

protein characterization

Zenker's crystals; Charcot-Leyden crystals; asthma crystals; leukocytic crystals

Roussy-Levy syndrome; Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; peroneal muscular atrophy; hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type; HMSN; CMT disease

head nurse; charge nurse

charlatanism; quackery

muscle cramp; charley horse

multiple chemical sensitivity; environmental chemical hyper-sensitivity: recurrent symptoms, in multiple organ systems, occurring in response to exposure to low doses of many chemically unrelated compounds

chemicals; chemical substances; chemical compounds

chemiluminiscence

analytical chemistry

forensic chemistry

organic chemistry

chemistry

chemoattractant; chemotactic

therapeutic chemoembolization: embolization with polymerizing material: hemostasis utilizing agents such as Gel-Foam, Silastic, metal, glass or plastic pellets, autologous clot, fat, and muscle as emboli

chemotactic cytokine; chemokine; a cytokine that has the ability to attract & activate leukocytes

chemoluminescence; chemi-luminescence: emission of absorbed energy in the form of light as a result of a chemical reaction

chemolysis

discolysis; chemonucleolysis: injecting a herniated disk with an enzyme (chymopapain) to dissolve the nucleus pulposus; intervertebral disk chemolysis; intervertebral disk nucleolysis

lipid granulomatosis, Chester syndrome; Chester-Erdheim disease: a rare form of non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis

chest-wall ECG

chewable

chewing coca leaves

chewing gum

smokeless tobacco; chewing tobacco

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Frommel's disease; Chiari-Frommel syndrome

optic chiasma; chiasma; optic chiasm: an X-shaped structure formed by the meeting of the two optic nerves

Chicago disease; Gilchrist disease; North American blastomycosis

chickenpox (varicella)

chickenpox vaccine; varicella vaccine

herpes virus 3, chickenpox virus; varicella-zoster virus

chimaera; chimera: an individual that contains genetically distinct types of cells derived from different zygotes, formed by the fusion of two early blastula stage embryos

transplantation chimera; graft chimera; graft hybrid

chimeric DNA: a DNA molecule that resulted from recombination

chimeric gene

chimeric proteins

chin, tip of the chin

chin; mentum

Chines medicinal herb extracts; Chinese herbal medicine; Chinese plant extracts; Chinese herbal remedies

traditional Chinese medicine; zhong yi xue; a system of traditional medicine based on the beliefs & practices of Chinese culture

chip fracture: a fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed; comminuted fracture

chiral

chiropractic, chiropraxis, therapeutic treament of the spinal column

chiropractor

chlamydia

chlamydia trachomatis

cholemic chloasma

extra-uterine chloasma

chloasma hepaticum

pregnancy chloasma, chloasma uterinum, dark patches on the face

chlorpromazine; Thorazine: a tranquilizer chemically derived from phenothiazine; a prototypical antipsychotic drug

Chlorpropamide: a pill to lower blood sugar levels in diabetics

chlorpyrifos

chlortetracycline

chlorthalidone; a diuretic

chlorzoxazone

choanal atresia

choanal polyp; nasal polypus

to choke on food, to asphyxiate

to choke, to gag, to suffocate

choking, gagging

cholagogue: an agent that promotes the flow of bile into the intestine

intravenous cholangiography

cholangiography

infusion cholangiography; bile duct X-ray

retrograde cholangiography; endoscopic retrograde cholangiography

intrahepatic cholangitis

sclerosing cholangitis

cholangitis; bile duct inflammation

cholechromeresis: hypersecretion of bile pigment

laparoscopic cholecystectomy; open cholecystectomy

cholecystectomy; removal of the gall bladder

emphysematous cholecystitis

gangrenous cholecystitis

suppurative cholecystitis

cholecystitis glandularis proliferans

pancreozymin receptors; cholecystokinin receptors; cholecystokinin octapeptide receptors; cholecystokinin-pancreozymin receptors; cholecystokinin receptors; gastrin receptors; sincalide receptors

CCK; cholecystokinin; pancreozymin: a peptide secreted in the upper intestine that causes gallbladder contraction & release of pancreatic exocrine

cholecystostomy

choledochoduodenal fistula

choledochojejunostomy

beta-cholestanols; cholestanols; coprostanols; dihydrocholesterols; cholesterol derivatives

intrahepatic cholestasis

cholestasis; bile flow stoppage

extrahepatic cholestasis; cholestatic extra-hepatic jaundice

cholestatic hepatitis; cholangiolitic hepatitis

cholestatic hepatosis

cholestatic jaundice; cholestatic icterus

middle ear cholesteatoma

cholesteatoma

extracellular cholesterinosis

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; cholesterol inhibitors; anticholesteremic agents; hypocholesteremic agents; hypocholesterolemic agents

disorder of cholesterol metabolism

cholesterol oxidase

cholesterolemia; cholesteremia

cholesterol-lowering agent; hypocholesterolemic agent

cholesterolosis

extracellular cholesterosis

MK-135; cholestyramine

C24H40O5 cholic acid; colalin: a primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine

choline alfoscerate

C5H14CLNO2; choline chloride: a lipotropic agent

choline deficiency

choline gluconate

choline kinase

choline salicylate

choline theophyllinate

bursine; choline; fagine; vidine: a precursor of acetylcholine that acts as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes & in lipid metabolism

cholinergic

cholinergic agents

cholinergic fiber; cholinergic nerve fiber: a nerve fiber which liberates acetylcholine at the synapse

synovial chondromatosis; Henderson-Jones syndrome: a rare, benign, chronic, progressive metaplasia in which cartilage is formed in the synovial membranes of joints, tendon sheaths, or bursae; synovial osteochondromatosis

osteogenous chondromatosis; skeletal chondromatosis

chondromyxofibroma; chondromyxoid fibroma of bones

chondrosarcoma: a malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage tissue (chondroblasts)

chondrosis

human chorionic gonadotrophin; hCG: a hormone mainly produced during pregnancy

beta-human chorionic gonadotropin

chorionic villi sampling; chorionic villus sampling

chorionic villi; chorial villosities

toxoplasmatic chorioretinitis

chorioretinitis, choroidoretinitis

choristoblastoma; choristoma; hetrotopic tissue

choroid hemorrhage

the choroid; choroid membrane

choroid plexus

choroid plexus tumor; choroid plexus neoplasm; choroid plexus carcinoma

choroid plexus papilloma

choroidal sclerosis; choroid sclerosis; choroideremia

choroid; choroidea

chromosome banding: staining of bands, or chromosome segments, allowing the precise identification of individual chromosomes or parts of chromosomes

chromosome breakage

syndesis; chromosome conjugation; chromosome pairing

chromosome count; number of chromosomes

chromosome defect; chromosome damage

chromosome deletion

autosomal chromosome disorders; chromosomal abnormality

chromosome erosion

chromosome exchange

chromosome fragility

inversion; chromosome inversion; chromosomal inversion

physical chromosome mapping; cytogenetic mapping

chromosome painting

metaphase plate; chromosome plate; placa ecuatorial

chromosome segregation: the principle that the two partners of a chromosome pair are separated during meiosis & distributed randomly to the germ cells

chromosome structures

chromosome walking: in molecular genetics, a procedure for isolating & determining the nucleotide sequence of extended regions of a chromosome by means of the sequential isolation and cloning of overlapping oligonucleotides

Budge's center; ciliospinal center: preganglionic motor neurons in the first thoracic part of the spinal cord which give rise to the sympathetic innervation of the dilator muscle of the pupil

ciprofloxacin; cinoxacin; a carboxyfluoroquinoline antimicrobial agent

circadian rhythms: the regular recurrence, in cycles of about 24 hours, of biological processes or activities, such as sensitivity to stimuli, hormone secretion, sleeping, feeding, etc.

circular dichroism; a change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium

circular DNA; linear DNA: covalently closed DNA molecules

circulating monocyte

circulating virus

circulation of blood

postnatal circulatory adaptation

neuro-circulatory collapse

cardiovascular collapse; circulatory crisis; circulatory collapse

circulatory disorder

circulatory distress; circulatory disturbance

circulation test; circulatory function test

female circumcision, female mutilation, infibulation; mutilation of female genitalia

circumcision: mutilation of male genitalia; the surgical removal of end of the prepuce of the penis

circumflex artery

circumscribed; limited

atrophic cirrhosis

cirrhosis of infarcted kidney

cirrhosis of the kidney

biliary liver cirrhosis, Caroli-Nora syndrome, xanthomatous cirrhosis

heightened clarity of thought

Clarke's column; Clarke's bundle

clasmatocytic sarcoma

classic

classification

clastogenic

spurious claudication

claudication; limping

claustrum

fracture of the clavicle

clavicle, collarbone

clavulanate; clavulanic acid

ulnar hand; claw hand; benediction hand

gene cloning: a technique in which copies of a plasmid are produced by inserting them into a suitable host capable of producing multiple copies & growing in a bulk culture

organism cloning: inserting recombinant DNA molecules into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector

cloning: the process of producing a genetically identical copy, or clone.

molecular cloning; DNA cloning

clonixin

clonorchiasis: infection of the biliary passages with clonorchis sinensis

liver flukes; clonorchis sinensis; Chinese liver flukes; trematode flukes; clonorchiasis

clopamide: a diuretic

clopenthixol: a thioxanthene similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics

clopidogrel (Plavix®): a blood thinner

clopidol

cloprostenol: a synthetic prostaglandin F2 alpha

clorazepic acid; clorazepate dipotassium

closed-loop control for drug infusion

closing a file; file closure

closing volume

closing; closure; conclusion

intrinsic coagulation pathway; intrinsic coagulation cascade; intrinsic thromboplastin system

coagulation protein disorders

extrinsic coagulation system; extrinsic coagulation pathway; thromboplastin system

whole blood coagulation time

blood coagulation; clotting

coagulopathy

consumption; coagulopathy; disseminated intravascular coagulation

coal tar

coalescence; concrescence

coaptation

coaptation plate

coarctation

aortic coarctation: narrowing of the lumen of the aorta; coarctation of the aorta

codon: a set of three consecutive nucleotides of an RNA or DNA molecule that directs the incorporation of a specific aminoacid during protein synthesis

start codon; initiation codon; initiator codon

nonsense codon; nonsense triplet

stop codon; terminator codon; nonsense codon

C21H36O16N7P3S; coenzyme A

coenzyme; an organic nonprotein molecule that binds with the protein molecule apoenzyme to form the active enzyme holoenzyme

cofactor regeneration

cofactor-supplemented post-mitochondrial fraction

cognition; cognitive ability

cognitive dissonance

cognitive dysfunction; cognitive disorder

cognition; cognitive function

a change in cognitive function

cognitive handicap

cognitive impairment; cognitive dysfunction; cognitive defect

interstitial collagenase: clostridiopeptidase A; a metalloproteinase enzyme that is principally responsible for cleaving fibrillar collagen

collagenoma

collapse of the lung

lung collapse therapy

collapse; failure

cervical collar; neck brace

collarbone; clavicle

collateral ligament

Colles fracture: a fracture of the lower end of the radius with posterior displacement of the lower fragment

colliculus; quadrigeminal body; corpora quadrigemina

collodion: a nitrocellulose solution used as a drug solvent and a wound sealant

skin of a collodion baby; collodium skin: lamellar ichthyosis; congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma

colloid tumor; myxoma, mucous tumor, collonema, gelatinous polyp, gelatinous tumor

colloidal; of a colloid

collyrium; eye wash

Fuchs coloboma

coloboma of the iris

hereditary non-polyposis colorectal neoplasm; hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer; HNPCC

colonic polyp; colorectal polyps; intestinal polyps

colorectal surgery; colon and rectal surgery; proctology

colorectal; colon and rectum-related

colorimetry

coloring

colostomy bag

colostomy: the surgical construction of an artificial anus between the colon and the surface of the abdomen

colostrorrhea

colostrum

colpitis mycotica; vaginal yeast infection

adhesive colpitis; adhesive vaginitis

colpomyiasis

colpoplasty; vaginoplasty: plastic surgery of the vagina

colposcope; vaginoscope

colposcopy (exam of cervix)

colpostat: an appliance for use in the vagina

colpotomy: a surgical incision in the vagina

Coltivirus: the virus that causes Colorado tick fever; Colorado tick fever virus

tussilago; coltsfoot

Columbia SK virus

diencephalic coma

complement receptors: molecules on the surface of a b-lymphocyte or macrophages, that recognize and combine with the C3b, C3d, C1q & C4b components of complement

alexine; complement; a collection of around 11 to 20 proteins which are activated by antigen/antibody complexes

complementary

cDNA; complementary DNA: single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase

complementary medicine; alternative medicine

negative complementation

(noun) complex

(adjective) complex; complicated

yellowish complexion

complexion

thoracic compliance

pulmonary compliance; compliance of the chest wall

compliance; flexibility

verruca acuminata; condyloma acuminatum, fig wart, genital wart; papilloma venereum; pointed condyloma; venereal wart

condyloma latum

HPV condyloma virus, human papiloma virus; may be genital or local; condylomata acuminata

condylus; condyle

retinal cones; cone photoreceptors

conical tooth; cone-shaped tooth

confabulation; fiction; fibbing

conference

doctor-patient confidentiality; medical confidentiality

enclosed space; confined space; unventilated space

conflict

confluence of the sinuses

single-stranded conformational polymorphism

stymied; confused; perplexed; baffled; bewildered; muddled

genetic conjugation; linkage; pairing

conjunctiva: the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and is continued over the forepart of the eyeball

....
electrochemical oxidation

electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid; electrophoresis of the proteins of cerebrospinal fluid

iminoglycinuria; hyperprolinemia

imipramine; imidobenzyle: the prototypical tricyclic antidepressant; C19H24N2

immaturity

immersion; submersion

immiscible; not mixable

immobilization; stopping movement; holding still

to immobilize

immortal

circulating immune complex

immune complex

immune deficiency; immune dysfunction, immune defect

protective immune response

immune response modulator

cell-mediated immune response; cell-mediated immunity; an immune response that involves effector T lymphocytes and not the production of humoral antibody

immune response; immune reaction

dysfunction of the immune response; malfunction in the immune response

monovalent immune serum; monospecific immune serum

the immune system

immunotolerance; immune tolerance; immunosuppression: the development of specific nonreactivity of lymphoid tissues to a particular antigen capable under other conditions of inducing humoral or cell-mediated immunity

(adjective) immune; immune system

local immunity

transposition immunity

immunity

cell-mediated immunity; delayed hypersensitivity: those manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity

immunization

active immunization; active vaccination; active immunotherapy

immunoassay

fluorescence immunoassay, FIA

immunoblots; immunoblotting: an immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances

immunologic competence; immunocompetence: the ability of lymphoid cells to mount a humoral or cellular immune response when challenged by antigen

immunocompetent: able to recognize & act against invading antigens

immunocompromised; immunosuppressed

immunocyte, immune cell, immunocompetent cell

immunocytochemistry: technique for staining cells or tissues using antibodies against a particular antigen

systemic immunodeficiency

human immunodeficiency virus type 2; HIV-2

immunodiagnostics; immunodiagnostic

immunodiffusion

immunoelectrophoresis; a technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion

two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis; CIE: crossed immunoelectrophoresis

rocket immunoelectrophoresis; Laurell crossed immunoelectrophoresis

immunoenzyme techniques; enzyme immunoassay; enzyme-labeled antibody technique; immunoenzymology

immunogenic; producing immunity

antigenicity; immunogenicity

anti-D immunoglobulin

cytoplasmic immunoglobulin

homologous immunoglobulin

human normal immunoglobulin

immunoglobulin

immunoglobulin A

immunoglobulin allotypes

immunoglobulin class switching

immunoglobulin classes

lambda chain immunoglobulins; lambda immunoglobulins

immunohematology

immunohemolysin

immunohistochemistry: histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents

immunological memory

immunological; immunity study-related

immunology

immunomodulation

immune modulators; immunomodulators; biological response modifiers

immunomodulatory effect; immune regulatory effect; immunoregulatory activity; immune modulation

cytotropic immunoreaction

immunoreaction; immune reaction

immunostimulant

immunosuppressant; drug to stop immune response; immuno-suppressant drug

immunosuppression

chemical immunosuppressive

immunodepressor; immunosuppressive agent; immunosuppressant;

immune monitoring; immunosurveillance; immunological surveillance: testing of immune status

specific passive immunotherapy

immunotoxin

toxin carriers; toxin conjugates; immunotoxins; cytotoxin-antibody conjugates; targeted toxins; toxin-antibody conjugates; toxin-antibody hybrids; targeted toxins; chimeric toxins; antibody-toxin hybrids

impact injury

impacted feces

impacted tooth

impaction of the bowels; fecal impaction; retention of feces

child of impaired parents

impairment of higher cortical functions

impairment rating (WC); degree of disablement

hearing impairment; impaired hearing; deafness

impairment; loss of function

impedance plethysmograph; rheograph

imperforate

impermeability

impetiginous cheilitis

impetigo follicularis

impetigo varicellosa

impetigo: a contagious pyoderma caused by group A streptococci or Staphylococcus aureus

automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator; AICD; automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator: a surgically-implanted device to monitor the heart & to deliver electrical impulses if needed to correct an abnormal rhythm & restore a regular heartbeat

active implantable medical device

PGD; pre-implantation genetic diagnosis; embryo genetic disorder analysis

nidation; implantation; implanting of a fertilized ovum

absorbable implants; bioabsorbable implants

implementation

implication

symptomatic impotence

impotence

anti-impotence drug; Viagra; anti-impotence agent; sildenafil citrate; male impotence agent

male impotence, erectile dysfunction

impregnated

impregnation; fertilization; making pregnant

impression

impression paste; mould putty, stent's mass, Luralite paste

impressionability

genomic imprinting: a biochemical phenomenon that determines, for certain genes, which one of the pair of alleles (the mother's or the father's) will be active in that individual

impurities

inability to conceive; infertility; sterility

inaccurate; inexact

inactive

inactivity atrophy; atrophy of disuse

inadequate

inanition acetone from fasting

inanition atrophy

inanition, starvation, malnutrition

inappropriate, inadequate, ill-suited

human inbreeding; consanguinity

incapacitated for work

incarceration; strangulated (hernia, placenta)

incest

frequency; incidence; number of cases; incidence of disease

incidental exposure

incidental; minor

incipient, beginning, in the early stages

incised wound; stab wound; deep cut

Klapp incision

incision guide

incision; cut

incisive; cutting

incisor; incisor tooth

inclination

inclusive

incoherent thinking, confusion, incoherent ideation

incoherent, unintelligible, disjointed

ABO incompatibility

blood type incompatibility; blood group incompatibility

incompatible

incompetence

fecal incontinence; incompetence of the anal sphincter; anal sphincter incontinence

incontinence

urinary incontinence due to stress, stress urinary incontinence

incontinentia pigmenti; Bloch-Sulzberger's syndrom

ataxia; incoordination; coordination impairment: impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements

incorporation; inclusion

an increase in free EP (erythrocytic protoporphyrin) levels

incubation

artificial incubator; incubator for newborn babies, for preemies

incurable

index finger

a sensitive index of the total body burden of lead

to indicate; to show

indication; sign

indicative

indicator

indigent

to have indigestion from overeating

to have indigestion, dyspepsia

indigestion: a form of digestive symptom

indirect

indirect, mediate

indium-technetium bone marrow scintigraphy

individual; separate

process of individuation

indolence, absence of pain, painlessness; laziness

indolent; painless

Indocin®; indomethacin: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins & other autacoids

indoor environment

induced tumor

inducible enzyme; adaptive enzyme

induction; inducing

inductively coupled mass spectrometer

red induration

induration; hardening of tissue; an abnormally hard spot on the skin

industrial disasters

industrial pollution

heparin-locked catheter; indwelling catheter: any catheter that is allowed to remain in place in a vein, artery, or body cavity

`` indwelling ureteral catheter

intoxicated; inebriated; drunk; under the influence of alcohol

inedible; unfit for consumption

inelastic

inequalities in health

inert gas

inert; inactive

inertia

infant formula; adapted milk

infant nutrition; feeding of babies

infant; newborn baby

infanticide; child murder

baby talk; infantile language

kala-azar; infantile pseudoleucemica; infantile splenic pseudoleucemia

infantile sexuality

infantile spasms; hypsarrhythmia; West syndrome; nodding spasm; salaam seizures; spasmus nutans; cryptogenic infantile spasms; jackknife seizures

infantile toxicose; toxicosis of the newborn baby

infantile; baby

septic infarct

myocardial infarction; heart attack; cardiac infarction

herpes infection

infection

infection control

infection rate

infection tolerance test

vehicle of infection transmission; carrier

secondary infection: a second infection with a different infectious agent

cross-infection; mutual infection

infectious

infectious acanthomas

social infectious disease

infectious disease

ward for infectious diseases

infectious laryngotracheitis

infective asthma

infectivity; infectiousness

inferiority complex, sense of inferiority

female infertility

infertility

infestation

insect infestation; insect outbreak

(noun) infiltrate

eosinophilic infiltrate

infiltratie-anesthesie

ample infiltration

paravertebral infiltration

infiltration

infirmary, sick bay

inflammation

bad hangnail; inflammation around the fingernail

IBD; inflammatory bowel disease

inflammatory cytokine

inflammatory infiltrate

inflation, blowing up

anti-influenza vaccine; flu vaccine

influenza; the flu

information

information assimilation

information campaign

information centers

information dissemination

information needs

information seeking behavior

informed consent

prior informed consent

informed consent

infra-articular fracture

infraorbit

infraorbital artery

infraorbital canal

deep infrapatellar bursa

subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa

infrapatellar bursitis

infrapiriforme hernia

infrared heater; infrared lamp; heat lamp; infrared emitter

infrared energy; infrared light; heat; infrared wave; infrared rays; infrared radiation; infra-red radiation

infrared spectrum; infrared frequencies

infra-umbilical

hypothalamic infundibulum; infundibular hypothalamus; posterior pituitary gland; neurohypophysis

dental infundibulum

infundibulum of the heart

infundibulum; outflow tract

to infuse; to pour in, to suffuse

infusion pump

implantable infusion pumps; peristaltic pumps; implantable perfusion pumps; implantable drug delivery pumps

infusion therapy

infusion urography

infusion; herb tea; steeping

drip-feeding; infusion; intravenous administration of a liquid; intravenous drip

infusion; transfusion not of blood

to ingest, to eat

ingestion; swallowing

ingredient, component

main ingredient, main constituent

ingrown; strangulated

inguinal canal

inguinal cord; inguinal ligament

granuloma venerenum; inguinal granuloma; inguinal lymphogranuloma; donovanosis: an anogenital ulcer caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis

inguinal hernia, femoral hernia

inguinal part of the vas deferens

inguinal truss, hernia truss

inguinal; groin-related

inguinodynia; pain in the groin

inhalant

epinephrine inhalation aerosol bronchodilator

inhalation anesthesia

inhalation mist, inhalant

aspiration; inhalation; breathing in

smoke inhalation; smoke poisoning

to inhale, breathe in

carry-over inhaler

infusion unit; inhaler, spray dispenser, moist vapor nebulizer; puff

inherent; natural

lateral inhibition

inhibition

inhibition; stopping; suppression

neural inhibition; Wedensky inhibition

inhibitor

reversible inhibitors

inhuman; cruel

initial

initiating factors; initiating agents

injectable

injectable volume

injection; shot

jet injector; Dermo-Jet injector; needleless injector

pen injector; insulin pen

to injure, harm, abuse, hurt

injured person, casualty

injuries

injury due to heavy lifting

injury severity score: a measure of the severity of illness within a diagnostic group

lesion; injury; trauma; wound

cardiac innervation

innervation frequency: the number of regular recurrent stimuli per second to a muscle fiber

innervation; nerve distribution

innovation

to inoculate; to vaccinate

inoculated pack

acclimatized inoculum

microbial inoculum

inoculum

inoperable

inorganic chemicals

inorganic; non-organic

inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate; 1,4,5-insp3 myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate

inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate

inositol phosphates

C6H12O6 inositol: an isomer of glucose

positive inotropic effect; affecting the force or energy of muscular contractions

inotropic; affecting muscular contractions

insanitary housing

insanitary housing

inscripto

insecticide

insecticide resistance

test insemination

artificial insemination by donor (AID); heterologous insemination

insensitivity to pain

to insert

cord insertion

insertion tendon of muscle

insertion; inserting

in-service training

the inside of the cell membrane

insidious; perfidious

intuitive; insightful; understanding

insole

insomnia; sleeplessness

insomniac: one who suffers from insomnia

health inspection

visual inspection

inspiration; breathing in

inspiratory capacity

inspiratory reserve volume

instability

drug instillation; infusion of a drug

instillation; trickling

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (USA)

institutionalization

instruction

instruction leaflets

organic insufficiency; exertional insufficiency

insufficiency; inadequacy

intracranial insufflation

insufflation anesthesia; intubation narcosis; intubation anesthesia

insufflation; air entrainment

manual insufflator

insulation

unit of insulin

insulin: a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels

anti-insulin antibodies; insulin resistance

insulin glargine

IGF-1 insulin growth factor 1; insulin-like growth factor; somatomedin

artificial beta cell; insulin infusion systems; artificial endocrine pancreas

insulin motility test

insulin pump: a device that delivers a continuous supply of insulin into the body

insulin receptor: an area on the outside of a cell that binds with insulin that is in the blood

insulin sensitivity

insulin shock; hypoglycemic shock

disposable insulin syringe

ìsophane insulin; NPH insulin: a modified form of insulin that contains protamine & zinc

insulin-dependent diabetes; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; type I diabetes, juvenile-onset diabetes

non-insulin-dependent diabetes; type II diabetes

insurance company

intact; whole

ingesta; intake; anything one has ingested into the body

integrated delivery of health care

integrated hospital care

integrative

integrins: the membrane glycoproteins which act as mediators of extracellular matrix adhesion

integrity of the tissue

integrity; wholeness, preservation

common integument

integumentary; of skin

intelligence

loss of intelligence, disintegration of intelligence; mental deterioration

intelligence: the ability to learn, understand & make judgments

to have intense sexual appetites, to be very horny

exposure intensity; intensity of radiation

intensity, strength

ICU: intensive care unit

short stay in the intensive care unit

intensive care; acute care

intensive therapy, intensive treatment

intention tremor; shakiness

interaction

interactive media

interarticular fibrocartilage

to intercalate

DNA intercalating agents; DNA intercalators: agents that can insert themselves between successive bases in DNA, thus kdeforming it and preventing its proper functioning

intercellular cavity

intercostal muscles

intercostal; between the ribs

to have intercourse, to have sex, to copulate, to make love

intercultural research

interdental; between the teeth

interdentium: the interval between two contiguous teeth; interdental space

interdigital mycosis

interdisciplinary

multi-disciplinary approach; interdisciplinary approach

interdisciplinary cooperation

interference

interference pattern

(in physics) interference phenomenon

bacterial interference; antibiosis; microbial antagonism: the ability of one microbe to kill, injure, or inhibit the growth of another microorganism

leucocyte interferon, lymphoblast interferon, alpha interferon

interferon: a protein produced in organisms infected by viruses, serving to protect the organism from other viral infections

alpha interferon: interferon released by leukocytes in response to a viral infection

fibroblast interferon; beta interferon

gamma interferon; immune interferon: Interferon produced by T-lymphocytes in response to various mitogens and antigens

intergenic mutation; intergenic suppression

spacer; intergenic spacer; intergenic DNA; spacer DNA

interleukin; replacing factor T-cell

IL-2Rß ; interleukin-2 receptors

intermediary

intermediary metabolism

intermeningeal apoplexy

intermenstrual bleeding and pain

intermittent

intermittent fever

intern (in a hospital)

internal capsule: White matter pathway, flanked by nuclear masses, consisting of afferent & efferent fibers projecting between the cerebral cortex and the brainstem

internal injury

Hey's internal derangement; internal injury of the knee joint

internal; inner

excitory interneuron; excitor interneuron

inhibitor interneuron; inhibitory interneuron

association neuron; interneuron; internuncial neuron; intercalated neuron: a neuron which is neither motor nor sensory

internist: a physician who is expert on the medical management of a wide variety of medical problems

internship; a medical training course in hospital

interoceptor

social interaction; interpersonal relations: the interaction of two or more persons

social skills; interpersonal skills: the ability to establish social contacts

interpersonal; between individuals

interphase nucleus

interphase: the period in the cell cycle when DNA is replicated in the nucleus; followed by mitosis

vesicovaginal interposition of the uterus

interpretation; explanation

free-lance interpreter

Spanish interpreter

sign language interpreter; interpreter for the deaf

intersexuality

interstitial cells of the testicle

interstitial cystitis

interstitial induration

granulomatous interstitial pulmonary disease

diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

interstice; interstitial space

interstitial; in the gaps between tissue

intertrigo; chafing

ureteric fold; interureteric fold; plica interureterica; torus uretericus

interval; space

intervascular; between vessels

intervention

interventional radigraphy; interventional radiology: radiology that combines organ system radiography, catheter techniques and sectional imaging

protrusion of an intervertebral disk

intervertebral disk

slipped disk; intervertebral disk displacement; prolapsed disk; herniated disk

intervertebral disks

intervertebral foramen

intervertebral; between two adjacent vertebrae

intra-intestinal

intestinal

gut flora; intestinal flora; bacterial content of the intestine; colon bacteria

intestinal loop

intestinal mucosa

parasitic worm; intestinal parasite

intestinal preparation; oral bowel prep

intestinal sound; intestinal probe; intestinal catheter

intestinal tract

large intestine

small intestine

intimacy

intima-pia

medical intolerance

quinine intoxication

intoxication; poisoning

intra-acinous; intra-acinar

intra-arachnoid

intra-articular arthrodesis

intracapsular

intracapsular hemorrhage; capsulo-ganglionic hemorrhage

intracavernous

intracisternal: within the subarachnoid cisternae

intracranial arteriovenous malformations

intracranial embolism

intracranial hematoma

intracranial hemorrhage; intracranial bleeding

hyperostosis frontalis interna; intracranial hyperostosis

intracranial pressure

intracranial thrombosis

intractable; irreversible

intracutaneous injection; intradermal injection

IDT; intracutaneous test; intradermal test

intradermal closure

intradermal inoculation

intradermoreaction

noninfiltrating intraductal carcinoma

intradural bleeding

int raepithelial

carcinoma in situ; intraepithelial carcinoma; preinvasive carcinoma: a lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin; a micro-invasion

cervical intraepithelial neoplasm: a malignancy confined to the uterine cervical epithelium; cervical carcinoma in situ

gamete intrafallopian transfer, GIFT involves hormonal stimulation of the ovaries, then laparoscopic follicular aspiration of oocytes, and transfer of sperm and oocytes; a technique for assisted conception in infertile women with normal fallopian tube

zygote intrafallopian transfer, ZIFT: technique in assisted reproduction consisting of hormonal stimulation of the ovaries, follicular aspiration of preovulatory oocytes, in-vitro fertilization, and intrafallopian transfer of zygotes at the pronuclear stage

intragastric

intragenic recombination

intraindividual; within the individual

intramolecular

intramuscular; within the muscle

intraneural injection; endoneural injection

intraocular hemorrhage

intraocular pressure; ophthalmotonus

intraocular; within the eye

intraoperative complications

intraorbital: within the orbit

intraosseous injection; intraosseous infusion

endostal; intraosseous; intraosteal; periosteal

intraperitoneal

intrapulmonary

intrathecal; within the thecal sac surrounding the spinal cord

intrathoracic pressure

intrauterine

intrauterine device

IUD; intra-uterine device; coil; loop

intrauterine insemination; IUI; artificial insemination

intravaginal

intravaginal administration

disseminated intravascular coagulation

intravascular; within a blood vessel

IV; intravenous administration of a drug or fluid

junkie; intravenous drug user; intravenous drug abuser; I.V. drug abuser

intravenous immunoglobulin

i.v.; intravenous injection

intravenous; within a vein

intraventricular block

inherent; intrinsic; internal

introduction of fresh blood; blood replacement

introitus

intervening sequence; intron; intervening nucleotide sequence; intervening DNA sequence

introversion

to introvert; to turn inward upon itself

introvert; introverted

blind intubation; endotracheal intubation

intubation; inserting a tube into a hollow organ

gastric intubation; nasogastric intubation; esophageal intubation; instilling liquid foods or substances, or withdrawing gastric contents

oropharyngeal intubation; orotracheal intubation

intuition

intumescent; swelling up; swollen

intussusception

to invalidate

invasive stage; invasion

invasive carcinoma, expanding cancer; invasive cancer

a non-invasive diagnostic procedure, a non-invasive method of diagnosis

minimally invasive surgical procedures

invasive; involving an operation

invasiveness; neoplasm invasiveness: the ability of a neoplasm to infiltrate & destroy surrounding tissue

inverse

inversion of uterus during birth

invert sugar

iodide peroxidase

iodination; iodine disinfection

radioactive iodine

tincture of iodine

iodine

iodine radioisotopes

iodide therapy; iodotherapy; treatment with iodine

iodine-I; hexahydrate calcium iodate; anhydrous calcium iodate; sodium iodide; potassium iodide

iodophor

iodopsin: a photosensitive chemical in the cones of the retina

ion density

ion pump

ion activity; ionic activity

ionic bond, adsorption immobilization

ionization

compensated ionization chamber

electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

ionizing particle

ionogram

iontophoresis: therapeutic introduction of ions of soluble salts into tissues by means of electric current

ionotherapy; iontophoresis; iontherapy; ionic medication; iontotherapy

ipecac: an emetic

ipodate

ipratropium bromide: a muscarinic antagonist used to treat bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic

ipratropium bromide: an anticholinergic drug which is a parasympathetic antagonist

ipriflavone

kerato-iridocyclitis

iridocyclitis; eye inflammation

iridotomy

septic iritis

iritis; eye irritation

iron compounds

iron deficiency

iron metabolism

iron metabolism disorders

iron radioisotopes

dietary iron; iron in your diet

iron-dextran complex

irradiance; radiant-flux density

to irradiate

treating irradiated individuals; treating persons exposed to radiation

irradiated milk: milk exposed to ultra-violet light to develop vitamin D

accidental irradiation in the workplace

therapeutic irradiation; radiation therapy; radiotherapy

irrational behavior

irrationality

irreversible

irreversible inhibitors

verified irreversible sterility

irrigating a wound

irrigation syringe; vesicle syringe

lavage; irrigation; washing out

irrigator

irritable bowel disease

irritable bowel syndrome

irritable; cranky; touchy; short-tempered; in a bad mood

irritants

skin irritation

irritation

Isaacs' syndrome; myokymia, continuous neuromyotonia; pseudomyotonia: a rare neuromuscular disorder

intestinal ischemia, bowel ischemia, ischemia of the colon

ischemia; inadequate blood flow; a low oxygen state due to inadequate blood flow & hypoxia in the tissue; localized tissue anemia due to obstruction of the flow of arterial blood

transient ischemic attack, mini-stroke; little stroke: a transient blockage of an artery in the cerebrum causing temporary numbness or impaired function of a part, slowed mentation, speech defects, dizziness & nausea

ischemic brain cell; blood-deprived brain cell

made ischemic by experimental methods

Volkmann's ischemic contracture; Volkmann's contracture; ischemic muscular atrophy

ischemic heart disease; ischemic myocardial disease

ischemic hepatitis

ischemic seizure; ischemic attack

ischemic stroke (in the brain)

ischial bone; ischium

bi-ischial diameter

posterior ischial width

ischiatic hernia

ischiatic lymph node

ischiocapsular

ischuria spastica

iso-anaphylaxis

isocitrate dehydrogenase: an enzyme in cell mitochondria that catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate and NAD+ to yield 2-ketoglutarate, carbon dioxide & NADH

isocratic

DFP; isofluorophate; diisopropyl fluorophosphate; a toxic cholinergic agent that acts by irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase

fetal isoimmunization

isoimmunization; iso-immunization

iso-immunoreaction

to isolate

isoleucine

positional isomer

isomer

optical isomer; antimeride; mirror-image isomer

isomeric state

isoniazid; isonicotinoylhydrazine

isoprenoid lipid

isopropyl phenyl carbamate; propham

isopropylamine

isosmotic

isosorbide dinitrate

isotherapy

isotonic solution: a solution in which body cells can be bathed without a net flow of water across the semipermeable cell membrane

stable isotope-labeled drug

Roaccutane®; isotretinoin

isoxsuprine

isthmus

isthmus uteri

barley itch, grain itch, prairie itch, straw itch, swamp itch, Texas mange

pruritis; itch, itching (substantive)

itchy, itching (adjective)

iter dentium; iter dentis: the route or routes by which one or more teeth erupt

itraconazole: a triazole antifungal agent

IUD insertion

Jacobson's organ

Jacod syndrome

Janeway spots; Janeway lesions

Jansen operation

to jar, to jolt, to bump, to jostle

jarring movement, jolt

jaundice; icterus: a yellowish pigmentation of the skin caused by the deposition of bile pigments (bilirubin)

jaw; mandible

lower jawbone, mandible

jawbone; lower jaw

jejunal

jejunoileal bypass: anastomosis of the proximal part of the jejunum to the distal portion of the ileum

jejunostomy: a surgical opening through the abdominal wall into the jejunum for enteral hyperalimentation

jejunum; part of the small intestine

jellyfish sting; medusa sting

jet lag

jet of water (in pool); water jet

job satisfaction

jogging

atlanto-axial joint

joint

hip joint replacement

joint replacement implant

plane joint, gliding joint

movable joint; true joint; synovial joint

major joints

Jolliffe syndrome

Machado-Joseph disease; spinocerebellar ataxia type 3; autosomal dominant striatonigral degeneration

journalists

impaired judgment, alteration in judgment; deficient judgment

jugular artery

jugular foramen

jugular fossa

glomus jugulare; jugular glomus: a nonchromaffin paraganglion in the wall of the jugular bulb

jugular vein

junctional activity

terminal bar; junctional complex

ectopic junctional tachycardia: atrioventricular nodal tachycardia: tachycardia in the conduction tissues surrounding the atrioventricular node

juncture

Junin virus: the virus that causes Argentinean hemorrhagic fever

juvenile

juvenile delinquency

juvenile psychology

tropical splenomegaly; kala-azar; visceral leishmaniasis

Sturge-Weber syndrome; Kalischer's syndrome; Krabbe's II syndrome; encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis; Parkes Weber's syndrome; Sturge's syndrome; Sturge-Kalischer-Weber syndrome; Sturge-Weber disease; Sturge-Weber-Dimitri syndrome

kallikrein

Kallman's syndrome; olfactogenital dysplasia

kanamycin kinase; neomycin phosphotransferase; aminoglycoside phosphotransferase

kaolin; an antidiarrheal agent

Kaposi sarcoma, Kaposi syndrome; Kaposi's sarcoma

kaposi varicelliform eruption

digestive Kaposi's sarcoma

karyokinesis

caryolysis; karyolysis: the destruction of a cell's nucleus; chromatolysis

karyotype, caryotype; set of chromosomes

XYY karyotype; XYY genotype; double Y chromosome; a genetic disorder in males characterized by an extra Y chromosome

spectral karyotyping: the simultaneous identification of all chromosomes from a cell by fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome-specific florescent probes

kava kava; kava; methysticum; piper methysticum: a dried rhizome and roots of piper methysticum, a shrub native to oceania and known for its anti-anxiety & sedative properties

Kawasaki syndrome; mucocutaneous lymph mode syndrome; Kawasaki disease

keloidal acne; keloid acne; folliculitis keloidalis; keloidal folliculitis; folliculitis cheloidalis

keloid, cheloid, cheloma

keratectomy

keratin

keratinized cell

keratinocyte: a skin cell of the keratinized layer of epidermis

keratinous

herpetic keratitis

leprotic keratitis

superficial keratitis

xerotic keratitis

keratitis; conjunctivitis

infectious keratoconjunctivitis

keratoconjunctivitis

keratoconjunctivitis sicca: drying & inflammation of the conjunctiva due to lack of tears

keratoconjunctivitis; conjunctivitis

phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis; conjunctivitis lymphatica; eczematous conjunctivitis; phlyctenular conjunctivitis

keratolysis

keratolytic; product to produce skin shedding

LASIK; keratomileusis; laser in situ; correction of myopia by laser surgery

penetrating keratoplasty; total keratoplasty

hereditary keratosis

keratosis

keratosis follicularis acneiformis, keratosis follicularis contagiosa type Morrow-Brooke

keratosis follicularis; follicular keratosis

keratosis labialis

keratosis pigmentosa

congenital keratosis with bullae

actinic keratosis, solar keratosis; keratoma senilis, senile keratosis

senile keratosis; actinic keratosis

radial keratotomy

kernicterus: jaundice in a newborn baby with high blood level of the pigment bilirubin deposited in the brain, resulting in brain damage

ketamine: a cyclohexanone derivative used to induce anesthesia

diabetic ketoacidosis: severe, out-of-control diabetes that needs emergency treatment

ketoglutarate

ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

alpha-ketoglutaric acid

ketone

ketones; ketone bodies; acetone bodies

ketonuria; acetonuria

kidney (organ); kidneys

end-stage kidney disease, terminal renal disease; ESRD

kidney diseases

kidney dish; pus basin

kidney donor

acute kidney failure

kidney failure

chronic kidney failure, anuresis, anuria

kidney transplant

kidney tumor; tumor of the kidney

gouty kidney; gout nephropathy

killer T cell; cytotoxic T lymphocyte; cytotoxic T cell

natural killer; natural killer cell; NK cell

186 kinase

(neurology) kindling: a profound alteration in brain function resulting from repeated electrical or chemical stimulation, culminating in electrographic and behavioral convulsions whenever the stimulus is re-applied

kinematics; kinematic

kinesthesis; kinesthesia; kinesthetic memory; sensation of movement; proprioception

kinetic; motion-related

cell cycle kinetics

kinetics of immobilized catalysts

kinetics; theory of motion; mechanics

kissing ulcer

klebsiella bronchitis

klebsiella ozaenae; Abel's bacillus

klebsiella: a gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in the intestinal tract

kleptolagnia

Kluver-Bucy syndrome: a severe disorder caused by damage to the temporal lobe or the limbic system and characterized by cognitive & sexual disturbances

to knead, kneading

knee

deep knee bend

knee joint

artificial knee joint; knee-joint prosthesis

knee ligaments

knee pads

knee splint

back of the knee; popliteal space, popliteal fossa

kneecap; patella

knee-chest position; genupectoral position

to kneel

knees

carving knife

knockout mouse: a lab mouse whose genome contains a gene whose function has been disrupted, or "knocked-out"

knowledge; wisdom

knowledgeable

knuckle

knuckle-bending splint

Koebner phenomenon

Köhler's disease

koilonychia; coilonychia; getting thin, brittle fingernails

Koplik's spots

Kugelberg-Welander muscular atrophy

Kussmaul's respiration; a gasping respiration

kwashiorkor

kyphosis; cyphosis

tracer atom; labeled atom; tagged atom: a radioactive and traceable atom

labeling

labia (of the female genitalia)

labia majora

labial glands

labial hernia

labial hyperplasia

labile; unstable

onset of labor

labor pain

induced labor; induced delivery

prolonged labor; protracted labor

medical laboratory

lab report; laboratory report

pathological laboratory, pathology laboratory

microbiology laboratory; microbiological laboratory

labyrinth

labyrinth fistula; labyrinthine fistula; fistula of the semicircular canal; paralabyrinthitis

labyrinthic syndrome; labyrinthine syndrome: vestibular syndrome

laceration; flesh wound

maudlin; lackadaisical, apathetic

lacrimal bone

lacrimal ducts, tear ducts

lacrimal nerve

lacrimal; tear-related

beta-lactam antibiotic

beta-lactamase

ethacridine lactate

magnesium lactate

LDH, lactate dehydrogenase

sodium lactate, E325

calcium lactate, E327

to lactate, to nurse, to suckle; to breast feed a baby

lactation; milk production

lactic acid bacteria; lactic ferment; lactic bacteria

E270 lactic acid; lactic acids

lactic fermentation

lactobacillus acidophilus

lactobacillus plantarum

lactoferrin

lactogenesis; galactopoiesis

lactogenic hormone, lactation hormone

lactose intolerance; intolerance to cow's milk protein; lactase deficiency

lactose tolerance test

lactose; milk sugar

lactulose: a synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy

stammering; lallation; lalling

lambda chain

phage lambda; lambda phage; bacteriophage lambda; lambda prophage; coliphage lambda

lamina

laminectomy: surgery to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerve root that is being caused by a slipped or herniated disk in the lumbar spine

medical LAN (local area network), hospital computer system

blood lancet

ultrasonic lancet

lancet for vaccination

land mine

acquired epileptic aphasia; Landau-Kleffner syndrome; acquired childhoood aphasia with convulsive disorder

islets of Langerhans (cells in the pancreas that secrete glycogen and insulin); Langerhans cells

De Lange's syndrome; Cornelia de Lange syndrome; Amsterdam type dwarfism

language

language disorders

lanolin, wool wax, wool grease

lansoprazole: a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

lanugo: the downy hair covering a fetus

laparoschisis; gastroschisis

laparoscope

laparoscopic surgery; laparoscopy; keyhole surgery

exploratory laparotomy;

laparotomy; Battle incision

laryngeal brush

laryngeal cartilage; cartilage of the larynx

laryngeal catalepsy

laryngeal diseases

laryngeal erysipelas; peripharyngeal phlegmon

laryngeal glands

laryngeal intubation; laryngeal catheterization; cannulation

intubating laryngeal mask airway: a type of oropharyngeal airway that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation

laryngoscope; laryngeal mirror

recurrent laryngeal nerve; inferior laryngeal nerve

laryngectomy

cantus galli; laryngismus stridulus; pseudocroup; spasm of glottis; phrenoglottic spasm; subglottic laryngitis; acute spasmodic laryngitis

thymic asthma; Kopp's asthma; laryngismus; laryngeal spasm; spasm of the larynx; phrenoglottic spasm

laryngitis; sore throat

laryngocele: an air sac communicating with the larynx through the ventricle

fiber optic laryngoscope

rigid laryngoscope

infectious laryngotracheitis

acute laryngotracheobronchitis; croup; diphtheritic croup

artificial larynx, artificial voice box; voice prosthesis

larynx, voice box

laser beam

laser scalpel

laser surgery: using a laser either to vaporize surface lesions or to make bloodless cuts in tissue

laser therapy

lasix, eye surgery to correct myopia

Lassa fever: a severe form of epidemic fever

Lassa virus: a member of Arenaviridae

lassitude; weariness, fatigue; exhaustion

latency stage; window period; latency period

latency; dormancy; a period in which the infection is present in the host without producing overt symptoms

latent period; latent time; inactive period

lateral angle of scapula

lateral deviation

lateral horn of spinal cord

ankle lateral ligament

lateral root of the median nerve

lateral root, secondary root

lateral sacral arteries

lateral separation

lateral; sideways, towards the side

laterality

latex fixation test; latex agglutination test: a passive agglutination test in which antigen is adsorbed onto latex particles which then clump in the presence of an antibody specific to the adsorbed antigen

latex allergy; latex hypersensitivity; allergy to latex; rubber allergy

latex skin-prick test

ammonium lauryl sulfate

gastric lavage

uterine lavage, embryo flushing

osmotic laxative; bulk laxative

laxative; remedy for constipation; vacuant

lay experts

lay care; lay health care

scrape-off layer

a layer of tissue

lead

PbO2; lead dioxide; plumbic anhydride

lead poisoning anemia

lead poisoning dyscrasia

lead poisoning; lead intoxication; plumbism

tetra-ethyl lead poisoning; lead tetraethyl poisoning

it's possible that lead reaches the mother's milk via the bloodstream

lead-induced laryngeal paralysis

lead-induced parotitis

information leaflet; handout, flyer

leak; leakage

to lean back, to bend backwards

to lean forward, to bend over

to lean out of a window

learning curve

learning disabilities; learning disorders

person with a learning disability; dyslexic person

learning process

Leboyer method of delivery

lecture; conference

artificial leech

medicinal leech

leflunomide

LeFort type 2 fracture

left; sinister

left-handed

leg ulcers

legal status of the child conceived

Perthes disease; Legg-Calve-Perthes disease: a common form of osteochondrosis

legionnaire's disease

legislation

leiomyoma: a benign tumor in the stomach or esophagus consisting of smooth muscle fibers; fibroid tumor

uterine leiomyoma: a benign tumor in the uterus; uterine fibroid

leiomyomatosis: having multiple leiomyomas throughout the body

leiomyosarcoma

cutaneous leishmaniasis

leishmaniasis; Leishmania infection

pastimes, leisure activities; hobbies; recreational activities

spare time, leisure time; time off

lemon balm; citronella; lemon balm

length

lentiform; lenticular; related to a lens; lentil shaped

senile lentigo; liver spots

leper colonies

leprostatic agents

leprosy; Hansen's disease

leprous conjunctivitis

leptin; OB protein

Noguchi leptospira

leptospira bacteria

leptospirosis, Weil's disease; infectious jaundice

lesbian; lesbian woman

choreoathetosis self-mutilation hyperuricemia syndrome; Lesch-Nyhan syndrome; hypoxanthine-phosphoribosyl-transferase deficiency disease

lesion; injury, affected area

skin lesions

absolute lethal concentration

lethal concentration

minimum lethal dose

lethal dose of radiation

dominant lethal gene

lethal gene

lethal threshold dose

lethal; deadly

lethargy

Letterer-Siwe disease; an acute form of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis

leucine

leucine-sensitive hypoglycemia

leucovorin; calcium leucovorin; citrovorum factor: the active metabolite of folic acid

acute leukemia

leukemia

leukemia cell line

lymphocytic leukemia; lymphoid leukemia; lymphoblastic leukemia; lymphatic leukemia; lymphadenosis

plasma cell leukemia; plasmacytomatosis; plasmacytic leukemia

leukemic infiltration

leukocyte adhesion deficiency, type II

Human Leukocyte Antigen Test, HLA: a special blood test used to match a blood or bone marrow donor to a recipient for transfusion or transplant

human leukocyte antigen; HLA antigen system

leukocyte migration-inhibitory factors; factor inhibiting leukocyte migration

leukocyte, white blood cell; leucocyte

leukocytic infiltration

leukocytic; white blood cell-related

adrenaline leukocytosis

reactive leukocytosis

leukocytosis; increased white blood cell count

leukoderma; achromia; localized depigmentation

metachromatic leukodystrophy

globoid cell; leukodystrophy; Alexander syndrome

globoid cell leukodystrophy; Krabbe disease: an autosomal recessive inherited sphingolipidosis caused by a galactosylceramidase deficiency, leading to an accumulation of psychosine

globoid leukodystrophy; Krabbe's disease

leukoma; corneal opacity; a dense, white, opaque spot on the cornea

adherent leukoma; leukoma adhaerens

tabes dorsalis; leukomyelitis: inflammation of the white matter of the spinal cord

leukopenia

lymphocytic leukopenia; lymphopenia

leukopenia; reduced white blood cell count; leucopenia

hairy leukoplakia on the tongue

leukoplakia; leukoplasia; a white patch on a mucous membrane, leukokeratosis

smokers' leukoplakia; smoker's tongue; a precancerous condition

leukorrhea; vaginal discharge

leukotriene: a hormone derived from arachidonate

leuprorelin; leuprolide: a potent and long acting analog of naturally-occurring gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gonadorelin)

L-tetramisole; levamisole: an immune response enhancer

levator -

leviviridae

levivirus

L-dopa; levodopa: a natural form of dopa & immediate precursor of dopamine

levonorgestrel

levopropoxyphene: a narcotic analgesic

levothyroxine sodium

Lewy body disease

reduced libido, decreased sex drive

libido, sexual impulse: psychic drive or energy associated with sexual instinct in the broad sense

Libman-Sacks disease; Libman-Sacks syndrome; atypical verrucous endocarditis; nonbacterial verrucous endocarditis

(plural): lice; (singular): louse

hypertrophic lichen

Wilson's lichen; lichen planus; lichen acuminatus: an inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin & mucous membranes

Csillag disease; lichen sclerosus et atrophicus; dermatitis lichenoides chronica atrophicans; white spot disease

lichenification; skin hardening and thickening

to lick

licofelone: an antiinflammatory osteoarthritis treatment

ferrocene-lidocaine complex

lidocaine hydrochloride: a local anesthetic

to lie on the table face up; to lie on your back; to lie flat

life event; stressful event

stressful events; life events

life expectancy

life skills; living skills

life support; life support equipment; life support system; life support care

emergency life support; resuscitation

lifeskills

lifestyle

life-threatening hemorrhage

lifting and handling

Betz ligament

Camper ligament

Denucé ligament

torn ligament

ligament

desmopathy; ligamentous disease

ligamentu

ligase: enzymes of the lyase class when the synthetic aspect of the reaction is dominant or emphasized; synthetase

tubal ligation, tubal ligature; having a woman's tubes tied; ligating of the uterine tubes; tubal sterilization

light pollution

light-headed, dizzy, lightheaded; woozy

lightheadedness

lignin

to limber up, to warm up

limbic encephalitis

limbic system: a group of subcortical structures (the hypothalamus, the hippocampus & the amygdala) of the brain that are concerned with emotion & motivation

limbic; edge-related, border

biological limit value

limitation; limit

let your body go limp

to limp, hobble

limping, lameness, claudication

LAL test, limulus ameobocyte lysate test

gamma-benzene hexachloride; lindane: an organochlorine insecticide that may cause cancer

vergeture; linea albicante; stretch marks; striae atrophicae; striae cutis distensae

linear

lingua -

lingual frenum

sex linkage

linkage

linkage group; liaison group

linker DNA; adapter DNA; synthetic DNA linker; adapter oligonucleotide

linker; adaptor oligonucleotide; synthetic adaptor; synthetic linker; adaptor DNA; synthetic DNA linker

linolenic acid

upper lip

lipid A -main component of the outer membrane of bacterial cells; a type of cholesterol

lipid bilayer, double lipid layer

lipid peroxidation

lipid: a heterogeneous, water-insoluble group of fats and fatlike substances

lipid-lowering medication; antihyperlipidemic agent; lipid lowering drug; hypolipemic drug

lipids

lipodystrophy; fat metabolism disturbance

intestinal lipodystrophy; Whipple's disease: a disorder marked by diarrhea with fatty stools, arthritis, emaciation, and weakness, with deposits of fat in the intestinal lymphatic tissue

lipofuscin: a naturally occurring lipid pigment in various normal tissues

lipolysis; breakdown of fat

lipolytic

lipoma; a benign fatty tumor

lipomatosis

lipomatous nephritis

lipomatous; characterized by the presence of a lipoma

lipophilic; with an affinity for fat

LPS; lipopolysaccharide

low-density lipoprotein, "bad cholesterol", LDL

high-density lipoprotein, the so-called "good cholesterol"; HDL lipoprotein

lipoprotein; any complex of fat and protein

lipo-soluble; fat-soluble; soluble in fat; oil-soluble

liposome; fatty or oily globule

liposuction

lipoxydase; lipoxygenase

lips, labia

liquid dressing for a wound; liquid bandage

liquid, liquor, fluid, solution

liquifilm; thin liquid layer of coating

2 liquor; booze; alcoholic drinks

1 liquor; liquid; fluid; an aqueous solution

Prinivil; lisinopril; Zestril; an ACE-inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure

listeria: Listeria monocytogenes; a small, Gram-positive, motile, aerobic to microaerophilic, asporogenous rod that grows in chains or filaments

listeriosis, Listeria monocytogenes infection

listless, wan, apathetic

apathy; listlessness

lithium; lithium carbonate

lithium salts

dorsal lithotomy position; dorsosacral position

lithotripsy

laser lithotripsy; laser-induced shockwave lithotripsy; pulsed dye laser lithotripsy; LISL

livedo; mottling

artificial liver

transparietal liver biopsy

primary liver cancer

liver cancer

primary liver cancer

liver disorders

acute liver failure

liver microsomal metabolism

liver profile; hepatic profile

liver scan, hepatic scintigraphy

livid: grayish blue; of a lead color; discolored, such as flesh by contusion; black & blue

lividity

living conditions

livor mortis, postmortem lividity

initial dose; loading dose, initial dosage

lobe

cerebral lobectomy

chronic lobular sclerosing glomerulonephritis

local

local government

localization; locating

lochia; post-birth vaginal discharge, afterbirth

don't lock your knees

lockjaw, tetanus, gnathospasm

locomotion

locomotor; movement-related

locoregional

locus of control; locus control region

locus of control

loin, upper part of back (usually an animal term)

loneliness

long terminal repeat

long-acting drug

longevity, long life; length of life

longitudinal study; longitudinal research

long-term memory

long-term unemployment

Sustanon; Testex; Lontanyl; Estandrorm; Testex: a blend of testosterone components

sterile loop

loop; ring

C29H33ClN2O2 loperamide hydrochloride: a synthetic antidiarrheal agent that slows intestinal peristalsis and is administered to control acute nonspecific diarrhea

loratadine: a second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis

loratidine

lorazepam: an anxiolytic benzodiazepine; ativan

lordosis; cvurvature of the spine

lordotic projection

losartan: an angiotensin II receptor antagonist with antihypertensive activity

Lotronex; Alosetron: a drug used to treat irritable bowel syndrome

Louis-Bar syndrome; ataxia telangiectasia; Boder-Sedgwick syndrome

crab louse; pubic louse

lovastatin

low back pain

LDL low-density lipoprotein

waist; lower back; small of back

lower limbs; legs; lower extremities

lower lobe

lower part of abdomen; pubic region, groin

asymptomatic low-grade lymphoma

luciferase

luetic; syphilitis-related

lukewarm water

lukewarm; tepid

lumbago

lumbar

lumbar hernia

lumbar rigidity

lumbar spondylosis; lumbar spine syndrome; compression syndrome of the lumbar spine

the lumbar spine; the lumbar portion of the spinal column

lumbar sympathetic

lumbar sympathetic block

lumbar spine; lumbar vertebrae

lumbosacral stenosis; stenosis of the lumbar spine

transitional lumbosacral vertebra

lumbrical

lumen; inside of a blood vessel or inner diameter

the luminescent screen: generally consists of zinc sulphide with a few other materials

lump in the prostate gland

a lump in woman's breast

lump; nodule

segmental mastectomy; lumpectomy, tylectomy: removing only enough breast tissue to ensure that the margins of the resected surgical specimen are free of tumor

lung cancer

black lung disease; coal workers' pneumoconiosis, miners' black lung; colliers' anthracosis

the lungs; the right lung

progressive hepatitis; lupoid hepatitis; chronic active hepatitis; plasma cell hepatitis; autoimmune hepatitis

systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE, disseminated erythematosus lupus, erythematosus lupus: a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, & kidneys

lupus erythematosus; Biett disease

discoid lupus erythematosus; chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, a chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (lupus erythematosus, cutaneous) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form

lupus nephritis;

lupus; systemic lupus erythematosus; lupus vasculitis of the central nervous system

luteal phase; progestational phase; secretory phase

luteinizing hormone; interstitial cell-stimulating hormone; lutropin; a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary

flavus; luteus; yellow

luxation of the clavicle

luxation of the lens: incomplete rupture of the zonule with the displaced lens remaining behind the pupil

luxation of the patella, dislocation of the kneecap

wrist luxation, radiocarpal joint luxation

luxation: dislocation of a bone from its joint

luxation; dislocation

lyase

lycopene: a red pigment & antioxidant found in tomatoes. It is isomeric with carotene

lye, caustic soda

Lyme disease: a tick-transmitted inflammatory disorder that begins with a skin rash & may be followed weeks later by neurological, cardiac, or joint abnormalities

axillary lymph node

gastric lymph node

hepatic lymph node

parotid lymph node

submaxillary lymph node

lymph node excision

lymph node of the kidneys

inflamed lymph nodes, buboes (in the armpit)

lymph nodes, lymph glands

swollen lymph nodes; enlarged lymph nodes

lymph, plasma, normal body fluid

lymphadenectomy

lymphadenectomy; adenotomy

lymphadenitis

mesenteric lymphadenitis; mesenteric adenitis

lymphadenopathy; lymph node disease; swollen lymph glands

LAM; lymphangioleiomyomatosis

lymphangitis; lymphatic vessel inflammation

lymphatic

lymphatic bundle

lymphatic drainage; lymph drainage

lymphatic nodules of vermiform appendix

lymphatic system

lymphatic system disorder

lymphatic system disorders

lymphatic vessel; lymph vessel

status lymphaticus; lymphatism; lymph disease

lymphoedema; lymphedema; Milroy's disease

lymphnoduli; lymph nodules; lymph glands

acute lymphoblast leukemia (ALL); lymphogenous leukemia; lymphoid leukemia

follicle lymphocyte

B cell; B lymphocyte cell; bursa-derived lymphocyte; bursa equivalent lymphocyte; bursal lymphoid cell

lymphocyte depletion

lymphocyte marker

lymphocyte; achroacyte, leukomonocyte, lymph corpuscle, lymphoid cell, lymphoid leukocyte

helper lymphocyte; helper cell; T4 cell

mature lymphocyte; immune lymphocyte

lymphocytic differentiation

lymphocytic infiltrate

chronic lymphocytic leukemia; acute B-cell leukemia

acute lymphocytic leukemia; B-cell leukemia

lymphocytic lymphoma; lymphosarcoma; lymphocytoma

interstitial lymphocytic pneumonia

lymphocytic; white blood cell-related

lymphocytoma; well-differentiated lymphocytic malignant lymphoma

hunger lymphocytosis

human T-cell lymphocytotropic virus; human immunodeficiency virus; HIV

lymphogranuloma

venereal lymphogranuloma; lymphogranuloma venereum

benign lymphogranulomatosis; Boeck's sarcoid; lupus pernio; sarcoidosis

lymphoid

lymphoid follicle

lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis

total lymphoid irradiation; lymphatic irradiation

fatty lymphoid tissue; connective tissue; lymphatic tissue

lymphokine: a soluble mediator produced by lymphocytes in response to reaction with specific antigens

lymphokine-activated killer cell

cerebral lymphoma with tumorous lesion

lymphoma, lymphoid cancer

Burkitt's lymphoma: a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma caused by the Epstein-Barr virus

cerebral lymphoma; brain lymphoma

lymphoma; cancer of the lymph system

mantle-cell lymphoma; diffuse, poorly-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma; centrocytic small-cell lymphoma; germinoblastic lymphoma: lymphoma with cells derived from the follicular centers of lymphoid tissue

malignant lymphoma; high-grade lymphoma

diffuse lymphoma; lymphosarcoma

x-linked lymphoproliferative disease; x-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome; Duncan's syndrome

lymphoreticular malignancy

benign lymphoreticulosis, cat scratch disease

lymphotoxin: a substance released by lymphocytes that is cytotoxic to other cells

lyophilizate; freeze-dried product; lyophilisate

lyophilization; freeze-drying; the creation of a stable preparation of a biological substance, such as blood plasma, by rapid freezing & dehydration of the frozen product under high vacuum

LSD-25; lysergic acid diethylamide; d-lysergic acid diethylamide: a semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea)

lysine

lysis: a process of disintegration or dissolution (of cells)

lysogenic bacteria

phage conversion; lysogenic conversion

lysogenic immunity

lysogeny; lysogenicity: relationship between a temperate bacteriophage & a bacterium

leukocyte elastase; lysosomal elastase; polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase; PMN elastase: an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins, including elastin

lysosome: a cellular organelle that contains various hydrolytic enzymes, present in almost all cells

lysozyme: in saliva, an important antibacterial defense, particularly against gram-positive bacteria

lytic cocktail

lytic cycle

direct lytic factors; cobra cardiotoxin: an abundant protein found in cobra venom; cobra venom factor

lytic; related to lysis or cell destruction

M

maceration; soaking, softening of tissues

machismo: sexist attitude; male chauvinism

hyperlucent thorax; Macleod syndrome; Swyer-James syndrome; unilateral hyperlucent lung syndrome

macrobiotic

macrocephaly; megalencephaly

macrocythemia; macrocytosis; megalocytosis: enlargement of the red blood cells; a red cell mean corpuscular volume of greater than 100 fl

neuroglial cells; macroglia; astroglia; astrocytes

macroglobulin

macroglobulinemia: a plasma cell dyscrasia resembling leukemia with cells of lymphocytic, plasmacytic, or intermediate morphology, which secrete an immunoglobulin m monoclonal component

macrolide antibiotics: group of antibiotics containing a macrocyclic lactone ring glycosidically linked to one or more sugar moieties

macrolide: an antibiotic produced by various strains of Streptomyces that inhibit protein synthesis by blocking the 50S ribosomal subunit

biological macromolecule

macron, macroscopic particle

foreign body macrophage

macrophage

MAF, Macrophage Activating Factor: an agent secreted by stimulated lymphocytes that stimulates macrophages to attack and ingest cancer cells

macrophage migration

macrophage migration inhibitory factor

alveolar macrophage; alveolar phagocyte; dust cell

peritoneal macrophages: mononuclear phagocytes resident in the peritoneum

macrophytes

macroscopic properties of plasma

macroscopic: large enough to be observed by the naked eye

macula

macula lutea; a yellow area in the retina, usually located temporal to the posterior pole of the eye and just below the level of the optic disk

macular degeneration; maculopathy

cystoid macular edema; Irvine's syndrome

macule; small, flat spot

maculopapular; small spot-related

magic mushrooms; hallucinogenic toadstools

magnesium

magnesium clofibrate

magnesium sulphate

magnetic field

MRI; magnetic resonance imaging

cerebral MRI; magnetic resonance imaging of the brain; MRI of the brain

laryngeal MRI; magnetic resonance imaging of the larynx

diffusion magnetic resonance imaging; diffusion MRI

functional magnetic resonance imaging; functional MRI

interventional magnetic resonance imaging; interventional MRI

magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain

nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; radio frequency spectroscopy

magnifying glass

maintenance dose

oligogene; major gene: a pair of alleles controlling characters that are pronounced enough to be detected

major; important

to put on make-up, to do one's face

malabsorption syndrome: a condition in which digestion & absorption in the small intestine are impaired

malabsorption syndromes

malabsorption; impaired intestinal absorption of nutrients

malaise; vague illness

malaria

malate dehydrogenase: an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of (S)-malate & NAD+ to oxaloacetate and NADH

malathion

maleate: the ion from maleic acid, often used in biological buffers

malformation; deformity

radiation-induced malignancy

malignancy: 1 potential of a tumor to metastasize; 2 a cancerous tumor

tumor cell; malignant cell; cancer cell

Bazin malignant exfoliative herpetide

malignant hyperthermia

malignant melanoma, naevo-carcinoma, melanoblastoma

non-malignant tumor, benign tumor, neoplasm

multiple malignant tumors; multiple malignant neoplasms

malignant: having the properties of anaplasia, invasion & metastasis

to malinger, to feign illness, to shirk

malleable hand splint

malleolar eversion fracture

malleolus

malleus: the auditory ossicle attached to the membrana tympani

malnourished; underfed

secondary malnutrition

malnutrition

undernutrition; malnutrition, inanition; malnourishment

dental malocclusion

malpighian corpuscles; renal corpuscles

medical malpractice liability insurance

medical malpractice: failure of a physician to render proper services through reprehensible ignorance or negligence, or through criminal intent

maltodextrin; dextri-maltose

mamillary body; mamillary plexus; corpora candicantia

artificial mammalian chromosome; mammalian artificial chromosome

mammary gland

experimental mammary neoplasms

mammary neoplasms

mammary; breast-related

mammilaris

missed-lesion mammogram

screening mammogram (an x-ray of the breast)

mammography screening, breast cancer screening, mammogram

mammaplasty; mammoplasty, breast surgery

managed care (bureaucracy of insurance companies & health maintenance organizations)

management

managers

mandatory reporting

mandible

mandibular condyle

jaw joint; mandibular joint; TMJ; temporomandibular joint

mandibulofacial dysostosis

mandibulofacial dysostosis; cranio-mandibulo-facial dysostosis

mange mites

mangy, scabbed

mania

maniac; lunatic; disturbed person

manic

manic depressive disease; manic-depression; manic-depressive illness; manic-depressive disorder; manic-depressive psychosis

bipolar manic-depressive illness

bipolar manic-depressive illness; manic-depressive psychosis

manic-depressive psychosis

manifest; visible, evident

manifestation; sign, indication

manipulation of the genome

mannose

esophageal manometry

manometry of the small intestine

manometry: measurement of the pressure or tension of a liquid

manubrium

manubrium

manubrium

manufacturing industry

manufacturing industry

manus -h

C20H23N HCl maprotiline: an antidepressant drug used to relieve depression such as in bipolar disorder

nutritional marasmus; athrepsia; nutritional cachexia; nutritional atrophy; infantile atrophy

marasmus; phthisis; cachexia

shuffling gait; marche à petits pas

marijuana

marijuana abuse

extra-marital birth

marital status; civil status

marker enzyme

market orientation

marketing

marriage marriage counseling, relationship counseling

bone marrow metaphase

masculine; male

mass

mass communication

mass media

mass motility

mass spectrometer

facial massage

to massage

massage

massage

massage

massage

massage apparatus; massaging device

vibro-massage machine; vibrator; vibratory-massage device

massage therapist

massage therapy

cardiac massage, heart massage

back massage; backrub

masseter

masseter

masseteri

masseur; masseuse

massive oral dose of calcium

massive; solid; extensive

mastectomy

extended radical mastectomy; amputation of the breast, the ipsilateral half of the sternum and part of ribs two through five with their underlying pleura and the internal mammary lymph nodes`

radical mastectomy; Halsted's operation; amputation of the breast

mastication; chewing

masticato

masticatory diplegia

masticatory; chewing-related

mastitis; sore breasts

mastocyte; connective tissue cell, mast cell

mastodynia; breast pain

mastoid angle of parietal bone

mastoid cells

mastoid foramen

mastoid part of the temporal bone

mastoid process

artificial mastoid; mastoid simulator

artificial mastoid; mastoid simulator

mastoiditis; inner ear infection

mastopathy; aberration of normal development and involution; breast disease

to masturbate

masturbation

masturbation

materia medica; homeopathic pharmacology

material development

maternal and child health care

difficult delivery; maternal dystocia; difficult childbirth

maternal inheritance

maternity clinic

matrix

organic matrix; tissue matrix

maturase

upper jaw; maxilla; upper jawbone

maxillary artery

maxillary fracture

maxillary hiatus

maxillary nerve; superior alveolar nerve

maxillary sinus; the antrum of Highmore

maxillary sinusitis; empyema of maxillary sinus

maxillary; related to the upper jaw

maximal

MMI Maximum Medical Improvement

the maximum permissible concentrations of radionuclides in water

maximum; paroxysm

C16H13ClN2O mazindol: an adrenergic drug used as an appetite suppressant

black measles

measles virus

German measles, rubella

measles, rubeola

MMR vaccine; measles/mumps/rubella vaccine

measurement

to take measurements

meat substitute

meat; flesh

meatus

meatus of the urethra, urethral meatus; hole through which urine passes

mechanism

apexogram; mechanocardiography

stretch receptor; mechanoreceptor; Krause's end bulb; Meissner's corpuscle: a neural end organ (tactile receptor) that responds to a mechanical stimulus

stretch receptors; mechanoreceptors; Krause's end bulbs; Meissner's corpuscles; Ruffini's corpuscles; Golgi tendon organs; neurotendinous spindles: cells specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli

meconium: first fetal excretion of a newborn

tear of the medial meniscus, medial meniscus rupture

medial root of the median nerve

median; average

mediastinal cancer; mediastinal neoplasm

Hamman mediastinal emphysema; Hamman disease

mediastinal hernia

mediastinal lymph node; mediastinal lymph gland

mediastinal shift

mediastinal window

1. mediastinum; inter-pleural cavity: the median partition of the thoracic cavity, containing all of the thoracic viscera & structures except for the lungs

2. mediastinum; mediastinal cavity; a septum between two parts of an organ or a cavity

to mediate

mediator

Medicaid -government medical assistance to the poor & elderly

medical anthropology

emergency medical assistance service

medical assistant, doctor's assistant

medical attendant; medical support staff

to seek medical attention

medical audit

medical belt, back support

major medical benefits; major medical expense insurance

treatment; medical care; medical attention for the patient

objective medical decision making

active medical device

medical errors

medical evacuation sheet

independent medical examination, IME

medical adviser; medical examiner; a public officer who conducts autopsies to find the cause of death; pathologist

medical expert

medical fee; honorarium; doctor's fee

medical futility

medical care; medical help; medical aid

medical history

medical intoxication test; test for inebriation

doctor's medical kit

medical macrolanguage

official medical missions

medical officer of an institution

medical officer, examining doctor; medical examiner

general medical practice

collective medical practice; group practice

medical practice; practicing medicine

medical practitioner

medical progress

front desk staff; medical receptionist; doctor's receptionist; medical secretary

problem-oriented medical record

medical record linkage

problem-oriented medical records

hospital medical records department

computerized medical records systems; automated medical records systems

medical records; patient records

opposable medical references (OMR)

medical report

medical research; medical examinations

medical science

plant medical service; company medical service

medical specialist

medical student; student of medicine

assistant medical technician

biotelemetry; medical telemetry

medical tests; lab tests

medical treatment

regulated medical waste

medical waste disposal

qualified medical waste hauler

medicalization

medicalization

medically underserved area

medically uninsured

medical-pharmaceutical assistance

medical-technical

active medicament

medicamentous mixtures

Medicare; health insurance

to medicate, to treat with medicine

medicated bath

medicated canities

medicated compress; poultice

medicated; medicinal

medication based on alkaloids

medication in a bottle

generic medication, generic medicine; nonproprietary drugs

medication, medicament, medicine

medicinal

medicinal beer

medicinal extract

medicinal herbs; medicinal plants

medicinal mud; healing mudpack; fangotherapy; mud packs

data base on medicinal products

experimental medicine

herbalism; herbal medicine

industrial medicine

integrated medicine

proprietary medicine

social medicine

sports medicine

tropical medicine

medicine

medicine

medicine bottle

medicine cart; medicine wagon

medicine for human use

medicine for long-term use

medicine man; witch doctor

internal medicine: a medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the internal organ systems of adults

evidence-based medicine: the conscientious, explicit & judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of patients; clinical epidemiology

space medicine; aerospace medicine

environmental medicine; environmental hygiene; clinical ecology

folk medicine; indigenous medicine; primitive medicine; folk remedies; home remedies; ethnomedicine

occupational medicine; industrial medicine

forensic medicine; legal medicine; medical jurisprudence

medicine; medicament

preventive medicine; preventive care

respiratory medicine; respirology

medicines

using medicines; using medications

medico-social research

Mediterranean diet

familial mediterranean fever; Wolff peridodic disease; familial periodic disease

myelencephalon; medulla oblongata

spinal canal; medullary canal; central canal of the spinal cord

medullary carcinoma: a carcinoma composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma.

medullary cavity

medullary syndrome

lateral medullary syndrome; lateral bulbar syndrome; posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome; Wallenberg syndrome; Wallenberg's syndrome

medullary; marrow-related

medulloblastoma

mefenamic acid

megakaryocyte; megacaryocyte: giant cell of bone marrow; erythrocyte monocyte

Hirschsprung disease; megacolon; colon enlargement

megaloblastic anemia

megaloblastic; large abnormal red blood cell

megalocornea; cornea globata

megaloureter; congenital megaureter

megestrol; megestrol acetate

reduction division; meiosis; allotypic nuclear division

meiotic disjunction

meiotic nondisjunction: the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during mitotic or meiotic cell division with the result that one daughter cell has two chromosomes (two chromatids) & the other has none

meiotic pairing

melanin: a pigment produced in a melanocyte; in the skin, it filters out the harmful effects of UV radiation

ectodermal melanoblast

melanoblast: a precursor of a melanocyte or melanophore

melanophore; melanocyte: an epidermal cell that produces melanin. Clusters of melanocytes often appear on the skin as moles.

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

melanocytic

melanodermia; melanoderma

melanoma: a malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin

skin melanoma; skin cancer, malignant melanoma, naevo-carcinoma, melanoblastoma

melanophages: histiocytes that have phagocytized melanin

arsenic melanosis

cloasma; melanosis; abnormal pigmentation; a disorder of increased melanin pigmentation

Hutchinson's melanotic freckle; malignant lentigo; precancerous melanosis of Dubreuilh; lentigo maligna

melanuria: the presence of melanins in the urine

melasma; blepharomelasma; blotchy skin

melatonin: a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland and implicated in the regulation of sleep and the establishment of circadian rhythms. Melatonin is also an effective free radical scavenger and antioxidant

melena; dark, blood-stained stools or vomit

melioidosis; malleoidosis; Whitmore's disease; Stanton's disease; pseudoglanders: a disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei

diabetes mellitus: a lack of insulin leading to uncontrolled carbohydrate metabolism; glucose intolerance caused by insufficient secretion of insulin

melphalan; melphalanum; sarcolysine

penis; member, male sex organ

lipid membrane

obturator membrane

membrane protein

membrane: a thin layer of tissue which covers a surface, lines a cavity or divides a space or organ

cell membrane; cell surface

dialysis membrane; semipermeable membrane

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

membranous; membranaceous

primed cells; memory cells: lymphocytes which retain the ability to proliferate & differentiate when an antigen is encountered again, long after the original immune response

memory deficit

memory disturbance, memory disorder, trouble remembering

memory loss, loss of memory, amnesia

memory training

explicit memory, declarative memory

false memory, mnemic delusion; memory illusion

implicit memory, procedural memory

men

menadiol sodium sulfate

menarche; first period, first menses

endolymphatic hydrops; Ménière's disease; aural vertigo; auditory vertigo; Ménière's syndrome; labyrinthine vertigo

meningeal arterio-venous fistula

meninges

meningioma: a tumor of the meninges which originates from clusters of arachnoid cells found in the villi and at points where cranial nerves & blood vessels traverse the dura

bacterial meningitis

meningitis

meningitis

meningitis

spinal meningitis, perimyelitis

concomitant meningitis; secondary meningitis

aseptic meningitis; viral meningitis

meningocele; meningeal herniation; herniation of the meninges

meningococcal meningitis; meningococcal cerebrospinal meningitis: an acute infectious disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis

meningococcosis; meningococcal infections

amoebic meningoencephalitis

meningomyelocele

meniscectomy; surgical excision of part of the meniscus

meniscus (plural: menisci); interarticular fibrocartilage

kinky hair syndrome; steely hair syndrome; Menkes kinky hair syndrome; Menkes syndrome: an X-linked inherited copper metabolism disorder characterized by the infantile onset of hypothermia, feeding difficulties, hypotonia, seizures, bony deformities & severe mental retardation

menopausal

human menopausal gonadotrophin

menopause

menopause

menopause

male menopause, male climacterium

menopause, the change of life

early menopause; climacterium praecox

menorrhagia; heavy periods

menotropin; menopausal gonadotropin

menstrual bleeding pattern, menstrual cycle

menstruation; menstrual blood loss

menstrual calendar

to be menstruating, to have one's period

menses; menstruation; periods

menstruation-inducing agents

menstruation-inducing agents; emmenagogues

mental competence: being of sound mind

mental cruelty

mental disorders

mental fatigue; psychological fatigue

mental health

mental health care

mental health promotion

mental health services

mental health services

mental hygiene; psychohygiene

mental impairment

mental processes

thinking; mental processing

mental recall

mental retardation, mental disorder; feeblemindedness; dementia; mental deficiency

mental status questionnaire; mental status schedule

mentally disabled persons

mentally disordered person; mentally ill person; psychiatric patient

C10H20O menthol

Demerol®; meperidine, isonipecaine, pethidine: a synthetic narcotic drug used as an analgesic, sedative, and antispasmodic

mercaptopurine

HgCl2 mercuric chloride; corrosive sublimate; a local anti-infective, topical antiseptic and disinfectant

merbromin; mercurochrome

colloidal mercury

mercury poisoning; mercurial poisoning; mercurialism, hydrargyrosis; poisoning by mercury

Hg, mercury; quicksilver

Merkel cell carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma

Merkel's corpuscle; Merkel cell; Merkel's receptor: a tactile cell of neuroectodermal origin

mesenchymatous; mesenchymal

mesenchyme; embryonal connective tissue

mesenchymoma: a mixed mesenchymal tumor

mesenteric; involving the skin attaching various organs to the body

mesenterium; mesentery

meshed graft; mesh graft; accordeon graft: a split-thickness graft with multiple vertical cuts to allow expansion

outer layer of mesoblast; the external stratum of the mesoderm

mesocolon: (ascending; descending; sigmoid; transverse)

Leydig's duct; mesonephric duct; Wolffian duct; Gartner's duct

mesonephros; Wolffian body

mesothelioma

malignant mesothelioma: a cancer caused by exposure to asbestos

peritoneal mesothelioma; mesothelioma of the peritoneum

mesothelium

mRNA; messenger RNA; messenger ribonucleic acid

meta-analysis

exogenous metabolic activation system

metabolic activation system

inborn metabolic brain diseases

drug metabolic detoxification

inborn metabolic disease

metabolic diseases

metabolic disorder

metabolic disorders

metabolic lipid synthesis pathway

metabolic syndrome

peak metabolism

iron metabolism disorder

fasting metabolism; basal metabolic rate; basal metabolism

metabolism; permutation

bioavailable metabolite

metabolite

metabolite; any substance produced by metabolism

metabolization; processing

to metabolize, digest, assimilate

shaft of metacarpal bone

metacarpal bone

metacarpal hematoma

metacarpu

metalloproteinases: peptide hydrolases which use a metal in the catalytic mechanism

heavy metals

bone marrow metaphase

metaphase analysis of bone marrow cells

metaphase: the stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes become arranged in the equatorial plane of the spindle

metaphyseal dysplasia; craniometaphyseal dysplasia

metaphysis: transitional zone at which the diaphysis and epiphysis of a long bone come together

metaplasia; abnormal replacement of cells of one type by cells of another; abnormal tissue change

bone metastasis

cerebral metastasis

metastasis of neoplasm

metastasis suppressor gene

lymphatic metastasis: lymphogenous metastasis: the transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system

metastasis: transfer of a disease-producing agent (cancer or bacteria) from the original site of disease to another part of the body with a similar lesion developing in the new location

to metastasize: to spread by metastasis

metastatic gout

metasteroid diabetes

metatarsal

head of metatarsal bones

metatarsal bones

metatarsal; metatarsus: the part of the foot between the tarsa & the toes

meteorism of large intestine

metformin: a biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

methadone

C21N27N0 HC1 methadone hydrochloride: a synthetic narcotic pain reliever used to treat heroin-addicted persons

methadone maintenance for heroin addicts

methamphetamine; methedrine; methylamphetamine: central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. It is a drug of abuse, often referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice or speed

acidified methanol

methanol, methyl alcohol

methapyriline: an antihistamine

metHb; methemoglobin ferrihemoglobin; a brown crystalline blood pigment that is found in normal blood, but in much smaller amounts than hemoglobin; methemoglobin is incapable of carrying oxygen

forming methemoglobin; the formation of ferrihemoglobin

methemoglobinemia: the presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis

methicillin resistance

methicillin resistant

C17H19N2O6NaS methicillin: a semisynthetic penicillin that is effective against beta-lactamase producing staphylococci; i.e., it is resistant to penicillinase produced by staphylococci

methionine sulfoximine

C5H11NO2S methionine: an essential amino acid that is important for many bodily functions. Contains the SCH3 group that acts as a methyl donor; it is a chelating agent for heavy metals

methodology development

methods

methotrexate; amethopterin; an antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties

methyldopa: a medication to lowers blood pressure

methylene blue test: an injection of dye that should appear in the urine within a half hour if the kidneys are working OK

C10H13NO2 methylenedioxyamphetamine: a hallucinogenic amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters; MDA; the love drug

methylglyoxalase; lactoylglutathione lyase

methylphenidate hydrochloride

Ritalin; MPH; methylphenidate: a central nervous system stimulant similar in effect to dextroamph